2024 aluminum plates achieve a perfect balance of high strength and lightweight thanks to their copper content of 3.8%-4.9% and magnesium content of 1.2%-1.8%. With a density of only 2.78g/cm³, they offer a tensile strength of 290-450MPa. This characteristic makes it a frequent choice in aerospace, high-end manufacturing, and other fields. Its ultimate performance is entirely dependent on precise control of the heat treatment state.
Process Essentials: It goes through cold working after solution treatment, followed by natural aging to a stable state. Cold working imparts additional strength to the material, while natural aging gradually stabilizes the properties.
Key Properties: Tensile strength reaches 483 MPa, elongation at break is 18%, and Brinell hardness is 120 HB, maintaining high strength while retaining good formability.
Typical Applications: It is used for structural components such as aircraft skins and bulkheads that require both load-bearing and formability. Due to its excellent workability, it is also commonly used in the manufacture of complex sheet metal parts.
Process Essentials: Solution treatment followed by natural aging, without the need for additional cold working. The process is relatively simple and suitable for mass production.
Key Properties: Tensile strength of 469 MPa, yield strength of 324 MPa, and elongation slightly higher than the T3 temper (19%), but with improved stress corrosion resistance. Typical Applications: Automotive body frames, mold blanks, and other parts requiring high processing efficiency but not extreme strength.
Process Essentials: Solution treatment followed by artificial aging at 190±5°C for 8 hours promotes rapid precipitation strengthening of alloying elements.
Key Properties: Tensile strength ≥480 MPa, yield strength ≥395 MPa, and Brinell hardness of 120-130 HB, representing the highest strength of 2024 alloy without excessive cold working.
Typical Applications: Structural components subjected to long-term static loads, such as aircraft engine mounts and high-strength bolts. However, it should be noted that the elongation (8-10%) is lower than that of the T3/T4 tempers.
As the highest-end grade of 2024 aluminum sheet, 2024 t851 aluminum's process and performance demonstrate precise control:
Process Details: After solution treatment, internal stresses are eliminated through controlled stretching of 0.5%-3%, followed by artificial aging. Further straightening is not permitted after stretching. This process avoids the risk of stress corrosion cracking while maximizing strength through artificial aging.
Performance Advantages: Yield strength exceeds 400 MPa, Brinell hardness rises to 128 HB, and shear strength reaches 296 MPa, all exceeding those of T3/T4 grades. Thermal conductivity is also increased to 151 W/(m・K), providing superior heat dissipation. The only compromise is a reduction in elongation to 5%, sacrificing some ductility in exchange for ultimate strength.
Key applications: Core components such as aircraft wing spars and landing gear connectors that bear high loads and require stringent dimensional stability. These components maintain stable performance in environments below 150°C.
Original Source:https://www.aircraftaluminium.com/a/what-are-common-tempers-of-2024-aluminum-plates.html
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